The use of a suitable support for cultured cells and tissues is only one of the presuppositons for optimal differentiation. Additional points are the nutritional needs, the continuous elimination of metabolic products and the stabilization of paracrine factors at a constantly low level.  See proceedings.  Because consideration of all these factors is impossible in the stagnant environment of conventional culture dishes, per(i)fusion containers are necessary.

Several tissue carriers can be placed inside a per(i)fusion container which is connected to media bottles with specific screw caps through silicone tubes and luer fittings. The peristaltic pump guarantees a constant flow of fresh medium into the container at its lower front end. The medium makes its passage between the tissue carriers and leaves the container at the upper rear side.  See proceedings.  This way the cells are always surrounded by fresh medium.

The culture container is connected to bottles through tubes.
Such a per(i)fusion line consists of the following parts:

A complete perfusion culture line can be ordered as a Starter set (Nr. 1307).